Cognitive Dissonance And Its Effects On Behavior - 1497 Words

Cognitive Dissonance is refers to a situation involving conflicting attitudes, beliefs or behaviors. This produces a feeling of discomfort leading to an alteration in one of the attitudes, beliefs or behaviors to reduce the discomfort and restore balance etc. The research on cognitive dissonance was done by Festinger and Carlsmith in 1959. It gives a background history of the time when Cognitive Dissonance was investigated by Leon Festinger. However, In the case being discussed in this paper, participants are given a boring task to start with. After the experiment, participants are paid different amounts to pursue other participates who are waiting to start with task. The participants who are done with the task feel dissonance when they were asked to pursue someone that the task was fun. There can many other ways and situations were one can experience dissonance. Also in the discussion there is inclusion for how to reduce cognitive dissonance which could help one to make better decis ions. An obvious implication of cognitive dissonance theory is that if one wants to change someone’s attitude, one could try to create dissonance concerning that person’s attitude and hope that desired attitude change would result. However, there are other implications of Cognitive Dissonance as well. Much of the research on dissonance has focused on decision-making, counter-attitudinal advocacy, forced compliance, and selective exposure to information. Cognitive Dissonance How and WhyShow MoreRelatedCognitive Dissonance And Its Effect On Behavior1654 Words   |  7 PagesPeople experience cognitive dissonance when they perceive that there is a mismatch between their attitudes and behaviors. Because we are motivated to keep our cognitions consistent, the inconsistency brought about by dissonance becomes a drive that must be reduced. This is done by changing either the attitude or the behavior such that they may accurately align with each other. Eventually, the New Look model to dissonance will shift the causal path to an explanation using avoidance of aversive consequencesRead MoreCognitive Dissonance Essay1632 Words   |  7 PagesCognitive dissonance can be described as the feeling of discomfort resulting from holding two conflicting beliefs. It can also be said to be the mental conflict that occurs when beliefs or assumptions are contradicted by new information. A well-known psychologist Leon Festinger (1919–89), introduced this concept in t he late 1950s where he proved that, when confronted with challenging new information; most people are observed to preserve their current understanding of the world by rejecting or avoidingRead MoreCognitive Dissonance in Employment658 Words   |  3 PagesCognitive Dissonance in Employment: In a practical sense, cognitive dissonance reactions generally originate from the peoples perspective of themselves, especially as intelligent and nice people. Generally, the concept or theory of cognitive dissonance helps to understand how people attempt to make sense of the world they live in. However, the theory does not precisely forecast what a person will do minimize or get rid of disagreement. This theory mainly states that a person will be stimulatedRead MoreThe Link Between Pleasure And Aggression Dealing With Peoples Choices And Judgement1726 Words   |  7 Pagesthe two groups were of similar age, young delinquents and normal university students. One of the groups studied, showed more violence or bad behavior, while the other population is considered normal. The overall goal of the experiment is to evaluate whether the connection between pleasure and aggression and decision making primes a fixed or dissonant behavior (Alvarado Ramirez; 2014). This testing was a voluntar y unpaid experiment for participants and was completely anonymous. The ages used in theRead MoreThe Theory of Cognitive Dissonance Essay example877 Words   |  4 Pagestheory of cognitive dissonance started as a very simple observation by Leon Festinger that people do not like to deal with inconsistency. This simple observation led to the development of a theory that became very controversial, and it would be this controversy that propelled the theory forward. Many years of research has led to many different ideas of what cognitive dissonance really is and why it actually occurs. Festinger developed the term cognitions while developing his theory on cognitive dissonanceRead MoreSocial Psychologists And Its Effect On People s Self Esteem1518 Words   |  7 Pagespeople, the belief in a just world. Social psychologists have studied ways to remove the hypocrisy effect while maintaining people’s self-esteem. The research design often used is a hypocrisy induction where researchers arouse dissonance in participants by having them make statements that are contrary to their behaviors and them reminding the participants of the inconsistency between their behavior and what they have advocated for. The goal of hypocrisy induction is for individuals to behave moreRead MoreCognitive Dissonance Theory1621 Words   |  7 Pagescreated the cognitive dissonance theory as an attempt to explain why people desire to have consistency between their behaviors and actions. Cognitive dissonance is the distressing mental state people feel when they find themselves doing thi ngs that don’t fit with what they know, or having opinions that do not fit with other opinions they hold (Festinger, 1957; as cited in Griffin, 2009). Thus, people are motivated to change either their behavior or their belief when feelings of dissonance arise. Read MoreSelf Perception Theory1700 Words   |  7 Pagespeople develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them. The theory is counterintuitive in nature, as the conventional wisdom is that attitudes come prior to behaviors. Furthermore, the theory suggests that a person induces attitudes without accessing internal cognition and mood states. The person reasons their own overt behaviors rationally in the same way they attempt to explain others behaviors. Original experiment on self-perception theory:-Read MoreCrash : Thomas Theorem And Cognitive Dissonance Essay1604 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Crash†: Thomas Theorem and Cognitive Dissonance The movie â€Å"Crash†, by Director and Writer Paul Haggis, follows 8 ethnically diverse families/ individuals facing the struggle of modern day racism and stereotypes created and faced in modern Los Angeles, California. These individuals take the roles of individuals living their daily lives within Los Angeles, California while facing stereotypes. The cast portrays: 2 caucasian white male police officers, an African American director and his wife, a whiteRead MoreActions Caused by Cognitive Dissonance Essay919 Words   |  4 PagesFestinger’s cognitive dissonance theory that asserts that we act to reduce discomfort or dissonance, an unpleasant tension, we experience when two of our thoughts or cognitions are inconsistent. Mkimmie, et al. (2003) investigated the impact of social support on cognitive dissonance arousal in their experiment, â€Å"I’m a Hypocrite, but So Is Everyone Else: Group Support and the Reduction of Cognitive Dissonance.† The psycholo gists aimed to test the impact of social support on dissonance by testing two

Outline Of A Speech On History And Education - 846 Words

INFORMATIVE SPEECH OUTLINE Luis Gomez Informative Outline Topic: History of Segregation in Education General Purpose: To Inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about one of the most notorious eras in politics and education. Thesis: â€Å"Brown V. The Board of Education of Topeka† and its reversal of the decision of â€Å"Plessy V. Ferguson† and the â€Å"Separate but Equal clause† is one of the most monumental, and impactful decision ever made. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: B. Thurgood Marshall was responsible for rearguing the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka case and took part in taking this case all the way up to the Supreme Court of the United States. He was a victim of racial segregation when he was applying for law†¦show more content†¦African Americans were systematically denied the right to vote e. Some cities had placed 10:00 PM curfews on blacks. f. The U.S. Supreme Court Justices declared that the fourteenth amendment never specified what specific rights â€Å"color race† would gain. Transition: Now that I’ve discussed the Plessy v. Ferguson case and its effects, I will now discuss the Brown v. The Board of Education of Topeka case which would help reverse the effect of the separate but equal doctrine established in Plessy. B. The NAACP legal team chipped away at the Separate but Equal Doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson. 1. The NAACP Legal Defense was headed by Thurgood Marshall. a. The main question that Marshall and his team presented was b. Did the segregation of public education based solely on race violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment? The Supreme Court held that â€Å"separate but equal† facilities are inherently unequal and violate the protections of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Court also held that the segregation of public education based on race instilled a sense of inferiority that had a hugely detrimental effect on the education and personal growth of African American children. Transition: I will discuss the aftermath and conditions of society during the beginning of this Civil Rights era. 2. Despite such dramatic courtroom and congressional victories, theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Barack Obama s Third Presidential State Of The Union Address1218 Words   |  5 Pages2012, in Washington D.C. In his speech, he discusses the need to augment the economy through the growth of manufacturing, education, the energy sector, and American values. Obama’s purpose is to impress upon fellow Americans that if we work together we can create â€Å"an America built to last†. He adopts an optimistic tone in order to convey to Americans the idea: as long as we maintain a common purpose, we can create a great nation. Obama delivers a descriptive speech that includes situations and issuesRead More Traditions and Values of Western Culture Essay1696 Words   |  7 PagesTraditions and Values of Western Culture missing works cited History is a part of everyones lives. We exist today because of our history. People who lived before our time fought for the rights that many individuals take for granted. Especially for an individual to appreciate life, one must be fully aware of the past, so one could truly appreciate their existence today and the freedom they have. So when the question arises on whether or not Colleges and universities serve to pass on to studentsRead MoreHistory And Personality Of The Supreme Court1155 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Toobin, the history and personality of the Supreme Court has also been affected by continual topics in recurrent cases as well as recurring constitutional themes. These continually topics are seen in previous cases that have made reappearances in other cases as they are applied to modern times and cases. As seen in the provision of the historic rulings in the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education and the 1964 Reynolds v. Sims that established the rule of â€Å"one per son, one vote† and equal protectionRead MoreHow The Freedom Of Speech And Its Interpretation Affects Public And Government Employees1516 Words   |  7 Pages and are continuously defended by concerns regarding the First Amendment. Although the Jefferson authored preamble of the US Constitution outlines basic fundamental liberties like life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, it is the First Amendment that outlines the tangible, albeit interpretable, freedoms of religion and exercise of individual faith, speech, press, peaceful assembly, and the very American right of public complaint (more commonly known as the right to petition government for redressRead MoreInformative Speech on the Environmental Movement Essay684 Words   |  3 PagesInformative Speech Outline Introduction Attention Getter: Did you know in 1969 there was a giant oil spill in Santa Barbara? Topic Revelation: This oil spill caused the environmental movement that has lead to our current environmental movement. By environmental movement, I mean what the people’s interests are in our environment. Significance Statement: The environmental movement is just as important as today then it was in 1969. The environment is constantly threatened and plays a crucialRead Moreinformative speech1255 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Title: Information Speech Outline â€Å"The Evolution of Animation† Subject Code: USEL 23 - Speech Communication Prepared For: Datin Minda Hassan Prepared By: Nur Rabiatul Adawiyah Bt Mohd Nor Kamarudin (1411170007) Class: Oregon Program: ADFP Summer 2014 Preparation Outline Informative Speech â€Å"The Evolution of Animation – From 2D Animation to 3D Animation† General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience the evolution of animation. CentralRead MoreIdeals of Liberalism Expressed in President Obamas Speeches 1470 Words   |  6 PagesIn President Obama’s speech at the U.S. and China Strategic and Economic Dialogue, he outlines the â€Å"essential steps in advancing a positive, constructive, and comprehensive relationship between the two countries.† In the President’s 2011 State of the Union Address, he provides four critical steps to achieve economic recovery in addition to several pressing domestic and international policies. What both these speeches hold in common, is the logic behind the liberalism tradition of internationalRead MoreEssay Video Games Speech Outline728 Words   |  3 PagesPersuasive Speech Outline Matt King CMST 220 Video Game Speech 6-12-13 * Attention grabber/introduction - Slaying dragons, defending your planet from alien invasion, or bouncing on the heads of koopas and saving the same princess who gets caught every time? Sound Familiar? If you’re anything like me you have tried all of these. Of course not literally but I’m sure you have all played a video game that has let you do something crazy and exciting you couldn’t normally do. * Can I getRead MoreInformation From Other Classes And Supplementary Forms From Icon1333 Words   |  6 Pagesreview any case history or background information that is possible to obtain. This however depends on the client. Some clients may have an extensive case history, while other clients may have little to no case history. Some things to look for in the case history is the complaint, presenting problem or why the client is coming to this service. Also, a clinician may view if the client is being referred by someone. Furthermore, the clinician can look at different aspects of the client’s history. The mainRead MoreConstitutional Law Mandates Procedures For Education859 Words   |  4 PagesConstitutional law mandates procedures for education that can be found in the United States Constitution and the Texas Constitution of 1876. 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Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management

Questions: A firm has a liability, L, which requires a payment of $25,000 per year (paid annually at the end of the year), for 15 years, plus a final payment of $1,000,000 at the end of the 15th year. The following semi-annual coupon-bearing bonds, with a face-value of $1,000, are available for investment: Bond 1 2 3 Maturity (Years) 22 15 5 Coupon6% 7% 8% (a) Construct an immunizing portfolio for L with 50% invested in Bond 1 and 50% invested in Bonds 2 and 3 combined. Report the portfolio weights and show your workings. (b) Assess the effectiveness of your immunizing portfolio if the market YTM increases by 0.5%. (c) What would the coupon rate need to be on Bond 1 for the immunization to be done by simply investing 100% in this (20 year) bond? With more than an hour to spare, you finish the last calculation and hand the results to your new supervisor. Hes impressed. So much so that he offers to take you for lunch on expenses. As you tuck into your rib eye at Rockpool you start to realise that maybe all your hard work in 25503 Investment Analysis was worth it after all! Answers: (a). The optimum portfolio weights for the bonds 1,2 and 3 will be 50%, 0% and 50% respectively. The calculation are shown in the attached spreadsheet. (b). The increase in the YMT rate 0.5% will not create any impact on the portfolio as the portfolio due to the immunization of the portfolio structure. (c). The coupon rate of the Bond 1 will be 8.5% if the whole investment is made on Bond 1.